MODURAL

SCIENTIFIC ISSUE: The project addresses the issue of the sustainability of home-to-work and home-to-study commutes in 2 Latin American metropolitan areas (Bogotá and Lima). These cities gather 10 million inhabitants and are characterized by a strong socio-residential segregation and a growth model that favors the urban sprawl in the outskirts rather than the densification of the central spaces. Young households and the working classes are thus relegated far from the center, where jobs are concentrated. Home-to-work journeys are therefore long distances and under very difficult conditions, because the supply of public transport is deficient, the car is inaccessible to low-income populations, and the roads are constantly congested. In opinion surveys, mobility conditions are the first reason for discontent after insecurity. In this context, and as sustainable development tends to become a norm in these cities for both public authorities and city dwellers, the issue of sustainable mobility represents a major challenge for the 21st century. How to promote more sustainable forms of mobility, by improving the quality of life of populations? What are the leverages that can encourage city dwellers to move towards more sustainable modes or practices, and what are the impediments that can discourage them from doing so? How can we enable people living in the disadvantaged suburbs, who experience the worst travel conditions, to access more sustainable forms of mobility? METHODOLOGY: The project will start with a bibliographic search and exploitation of secondary sources, mainly origin-destination surveys, available in several recent versions and comparable between the two cities. This work will be made available in the form of maps (webmapping) and will allow the identification of the ZATs (Transport Analysis Zones) where the conditions of mobility and accessibility to employment are the worst. Two of these ZAT will be selected in each city to roll out field surveys. A quantitative questionnaire survey will be applied to 400 households in each area and will focus on the conditions of daily mobility and the outlook for adopting more sustainable practices. It will be designed and supervised by the Consortium, but its application will be delegated to specialized service providers. The results will be processed in particular with a GIS designed for this purpose. At the same time, in-depth interviews will be administered to individuals belonging to the quantitative survey universe (at least 10% of the households surveyed are targeted). The study will focus on 3 population groups that are potentially vulnerable in their mobility, but that have not been studied in this way in Latin America: women, children and people with reduced mobility. To enrich the study, other qualitative approaches will be experimented: in situ "commented" journeys, focus groups, "flash surveys" at intersections. TEAM: The team of 20 people is international and multidisciplinary. It is evenly distributed between France, Colombia and Peru. It is composed of researchers with expertise in daily mobility and urban surveys in working-class neighborhoods. They will be assisted by administrative staff and by engineers, assistants and trainees. The coordinator will be supported by a co-leader in France and two scientific supervisors in each city. DISTINCTIVENESS: the project is unprecedented, distinctive and ambitious in its approach. It is international and interdisciplinary. It focuses on cities in the South where sustainable transport is a challenge. It focuses on vulnerable spaces and populations. The social utility and equity issues are strong. It offers a critical insight into sustainable mobility. The survey methodology is hybrid.