HALLEY

The space industry is expanding rapidly, with innovative technologies evolving into viable services. Satellite telecommunications now offer global connectivity, improving daily life. While initial focus was on low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations, current strategies integrate both LEO and medium Earth orbit (MEO) systems. For example, the EU’s IRIS² initiative reflects this shift, aiming to deploy 290 multi-orbital satellites for secure internet access. Also further European programmes for Earth Observation, Science, Navigation and Exploration contribute to the growing demand for satellites. To meet rising market demands and improve satellite deployment efficiency, high-efficiency and flexible solar cells are essential. These enable compact satellite designs, reducing launch mass and cost. Geopolitical uncertainties threaten supply chain stability, making reliance on non-European technologies risky. The HALLEY project addresses this by developing inverted metamorphic (IMM) solar cell technology within Europe, enhancing EU supply chain resilience, reducing dependence on critical raw materials, and strengthening strategic autonomy. IMM cells offer AM0 efficiencies above 34%, using Umicore’s porous Germanium reusable substrates. Unlike traditional cells, IMM designs use Ge or GaAs as removable templates, resulting in thin, robust layers supported by carriers like Mo or Si. Ultra-thin Ag or Cu layers further improve flexibility and power-to-mass ratios. Led by Umicore, the consortium includes Fraunhofer ISE, AZUR SPACE, EV Group, INTA, and LUP. HALLEY targets BOL efficiencies over 34% and EOL over 30%. Airbus, Thales and Aerospacelab have endorsed its market relevance. The technology promises improved performance, reduced weight, and adaptability for curved surfaces. By enabling European-based manufacturing and securing key components, HALLEY significantly enhances the EU’s space supply chain and positions Europe for next-generation satellite constellations.