Investigating structural barriers to Batwa inclusion in development in Rwanda

The present proposal investigates the root causes of contemporary economic and socio-political marginality of the Batwa of Rwanda. The main hypothesis is that, while ostensibly a positive acknowledgement of Batwan difference, the framing of Batwa identity within the indigenous discourse by international and national laws and by a variety of actors (including the Batwa leadership, international actors, governmental authorities and other local actors) plays a determining role in persistent socio-economic marginality of the community. Using a qualitative approach, the project seeks to build a complex picture of how Batwa members and strategic actors define Batwa exclusion, needs and aspirations. The research will be conducted within a post-1994 context whereby existing identity politics proscribe ethnic identification within the public realm. The projects findings can be used to re-shape discussions within Rwandan society about the place of the Batwa and to design appropriate forms for inclusion in the development process.