Towards fully functional human testicular organoids

Male infertility is unexplained in over 50% of cases. Environmental factors may impact fertility, but research in this area is limited. Current toxicology studies rely on animal models, highlighting the need for human in vitro alternatives. Testicular organoids (TOs) are a promising solution. Mouse TOs have demonstrated sperm formation. Human TOs are promising using prepubertal or transgender testis tissue, producing correct structures. The goal is to develop fully functional human TOs for toxicology research and to better understand sperm formation and male infertility. These organoids could serve as tools for drug discovery, including improved cancer therapies.