Indicator Catalogue

Overview of research output metrics produced by Greek institutions.

The section draws on the annual EIS country profile for Greece, published by the European Commission (DG Research and Innovation). The EIS Summary Innovation Index is a composite of 32 indicators grouped into 12 dimensions covering framework conditions, investments, innovation activities, and impacts, using data from Eurostat, the Community Innovation Survey, and other international sources. Scores are normalised and indexed to the EU average for cross-country benchmarking, and to the EU in a fixed base year for performance trends over time. The indicator values shown are updated annually with each EIS release.

Counts deduplicated publication records in the OpenAIRE Graph affiliated with Greek organisations. Deduplication merges records from multiple sources into a single canonical entry, retaining the best available metadata across all instances (following the OpenAIRE Graph Production Workflow). Applies the OpenAIRE Fields of Science (FoS) classification — a hierarchical, machine-learning-based taxonomy with three levels of granularity — to Greek-affiliated publications in the OpenAIRE Graph. Level 1 covers broad domains (e.g. Natural Sciences); Level 3 provides fine-grained subject categories. A publication may be assigned to multiple FoS categories.

Counts and categorises the distinct data sources from which Greek-affiliated publications are harvested into the OpenAIRE Graph. Source types include: Repositories, Open Access Publishers & Journals, Aggregators, Entity Registries, Journal Aggregators, and CRIS (Current Research Information Systems). Coverage reflects the state of OpenAIRE's harvesting pipeline at the time of the latest graph snapshot.

For each Greek-affiliated publication in the OpenAIRE Graph, checks for explicit relational links in the metadata to associated research data or software objects. Linkage is established at the graph level during the OpenAIRE Graph Production Workflow (merging, enrichment, and cleaning steps). The proportion of linked vs. unlinked publications is tracked over time and across institutions.

Counts deduplicated research data records in the OpenAIRE Graph affiliated with Greek organisations. Granularity of what constitutes a dataset is defined by each contributing source (e.g. Zenodo, PANGAEA, DataCite) and is not further normalised. Records are deduplicated following the OpenAIRE Graph Production Workflow. Access rights and licence metadata are inherited from source records.

Counts deduplicated software records (source code, packages, scripts, computational tools) in the OpenAIRE Graph affiliated with Greek organisations. Sources include Software Heritage, Zenodo, GitHub (via OpenAIRE harvesting), and other software repositories. Records are deduplicated and enriched following the standard OpenAIRE Graph Production Workflow.

Counts deduplicated records in the OpenAIRE Graph affiliated with Greek organisations typed as 'other research product' — a catch-all category covering outputs that do not fit into the publication, data, or software categories. 

Access status is derived from OpenAIRE Graph metadata, which consolidates access rights from harvested onboarded and instrumental data sources. Publications are classified as Open or Closed, attributed to Greek institutions via affiliation metadata (ROR, organisation identifiers).

OA route is assigned based on journal business model and licence metadata:

Gold OA: published in a Gold OA journal (fully OA, APC-charging), identified via the ISSN-GOLD-OA list (Bielefeld University methodology, doi.org/10.4119/unibi/2906347). Note: if a journal converted from Hybrid to Gold, older articles may be overclassified as Gold.

Diamond OA: fully OA, no APCs, identified via DOAJ data dump and Diamond Discovery Hub (DDH/DIAMAS).

Hybrid OA: subscription journal with an open (CC) licence on the article. Note: non-CC open licences may cause slight underestimation.

Bronze OA: open in a subscription journal but without an open licence.

Green OA: author-accepted manuscript deposited in a repository, with or without a licence.

Aggregates Greek-affiliated OA publications by publisher, journal, and data source using metadata from the OpenAIRE Graph. Journal business model classification (Gold, Diamond, Hybrid, Bronze) is inherited from the OA Routes methodology.

Publications are classified into mutually exclusive OA categories after deduplication and enrichment (OpenAIRE Graph Production Workflow). Journal business model (Gold, Diamond, Hybrid) is determined via the ISSN-GOLD-OA list (Bielefeld methodology) and DOAJ/DDH datasets. Licence detection relies on metadata inherited from data sources and research outputs:

Publisher OA only (Gold / Hybrid / Diamond): openly accessible via the publisher only; no repository copy present.

Repository OA only — Green with Licence: openly accessible via a repository deposit with an explicit open licence (e.g. CC); no open publisher version.

Repository OA only — Green without Licence: as above, but without a recognised open licence.

Repository & Publisher OA: openly accessible via both a repository deposit and the publisher's platform.

Bronze OA only: open on the publisher's platform but without an explicit open licence; reuse rights unclear.

Non-OA: no openly accessible version found; publication remains Closed or under active Embargo.

Identifies publications in the OpenAIRE Graph affiliated with Greek organisations where the resource sub-type is 'preprint'. Sources include major preprint servers (arXiv, bioRxiv, medRxiv, SSRN, EarthArXiv, etc.) harvested by OpenAIRE. Counts are deduplicated; a preprint later published as a journal article remains a distinct preprint record. Trends are tracked by year and subject field (via FoS classification).

For each Greek-affiliated research data in the OpenAIRE Graph, the best available access rights are determined across all instances (versions and copies) after deduplication and enrichment. Access categories: Open (at least one openly accessible instance), Embargo (closed for a defined period then open), Restricted (e.g. behind a paywall or registration), Closed. If a publication is closed at publisher level but available OA in a repository, it is classified as Open. Follows the OpenAIRE Graph Production Workflow.

Applies the same best-available access rights logic to software records affiliated with Greek organisations in the OpenAIRE Graph. Open software is identified where access rights are 'Open'. Where available, open-source licence information (e.g. MIT, Apache, GPL) is extracted from the metadata of the contributing data source (e.g. Zenodo, Software Heritage) and used to further characterise reusability.

Extracts and classifies licence metadata from OpenAIRE Graph records affiliated with Greek organisations. Creative Commons (CC) licences are the primary recognised open licence type. Variants are disaggregated: CC0, CC BY, CC BY-SA, CC BY-NC, CC BY-ND, CC BY-NC-SA, CC BY-NC-ND. Publications with no declared licence or with non-open terms are flagged separately. Licence data is inherited from publisher or data source metadata during OpenAIRE Graph ingestion.

APC data is sourced from the HEAL-Link Scholarly Communication Unit, covering charges incurred by Greek institutions under HEAL-Link's transformative agreements with major publishers, fully integrated into the OpenAIRE Graph. Cost avoidance is estimated by comparing standard APC list prices against negotiated agreement terms.

Tracks four metadata quality metrics for Greek-affiliated research outputs in the OpenAIRE Graph:

w/ a PID: share of outputs carrying at least one Persistent Identifier (DOI, Handle, arXiv ID, PMID, etc.), following OpenAIRE's PID inclusion criteria.

w/ DOI: share of outputs carrying specifically a DOI, the most widely adopted PID in scholarly communication.

w/ ORCID iD: share of outputs where at least one author has an associated ORCID identifier in the metadata.

Pubs. w/ Abstract: share of publications with an abstract present in the metadata record.

Pubs. w/ Funding reference: share of publications with a funding reference present in the metadata record.

Citation-based impact metrics are sourced from the BIP! database (BIP! Finder), which aggregates citation data and computes scholarly impact indicators for publications indexed in the OpenAIRE Graph and deduplicated against the Graph's deduplication output.

Tracks citation-based impact using three BIP! indicators, each capturing a different dimension of scholarly influence. Publications are classified into five percentile bands (C1 = top, C5 = bottom) for each indicator.

Three headline metrics: share of Greek-affiliated publications in the top band for Popularity, Influence, and Impulse respectively.

BIP! data is ingested into the OpenAIRE Graph and linked to deduplicated publication records after the Graph Production Workflow.
 

Download counts are harvested by OpenAIRE's Usage Counts service from a defined set of repositories and publisher platforms. Usage data is standardised following the COUNTER Code of Practice where applicable. Counts are deduplicated and linked to OpenAIRE Graph records for Greek-affiliated outputs. Time coverage varies by data source. This indicator is distinct from citation metrics: it captures broader reader engagement including practitioners, policymakers, and the public.

Aggregates download counts from IND-3.2.1 by data source, publisher, journal, and institution for Greek-affiliated outputs. Sourced from OpenAIRE's Usage Counts service. Charts reveal which publishers, journals, and institutions generate the highest download engagement from repositories for Greek research.

Co-authorship links are extracted from publication affiliation metadata in the OpenAIRE Graph. For each publication involving at least one Greek institution, partner countries are identified from the affiliations of co-authoring organisations. Collaboration counts are aggregated per country and expressed as a share of total Greek co-authored output.

Links funded project records (from funders in the OpenAIRE Graph) with their beneficiary organisations and associated research outputs. Co-participation is identified when a project has both Greek and non-Greek organisational beneficiaries. Co-funded outputs are publications linked to projects with more than one acknowledged funder, identified via acknowledgement text mining and funder-provided grant ID matching. Results are aggregated at project, funder, and institutional level.

Links publications in the OpenAIRE Graph affiliated with Greek organisations to funded project records via two mechanisms: (1) funder-provided grant IDs matched to acknowledged grants in publication metadata; (2) text mining of acknowledgement sections. Funder data is sourced from funders who have joined OpenAIRE with validated project metadata. Note: where authors acknowledge a funder without a specific grant ID, an 'unidentified project' entity is used — this captures the output but may inflate project counts by one per affected funder.

Sourced from CORDIS (Community Research and Development Information Service), integrated into the OpenAIRE Graph. Greek beneficiaries are identified via organisation disambiguation in OpenOrgs. Funding volumes, programme classifications (FP7, H2020, Horizon Europe, Erasmus+), and coordinator vs. partner roles are derived from CORDIS project metadata. Project–output links are established via grant ID matching and acknowledgement mining.

For each funded project linked to a Greek organisation in the OpenAIRE Graph, counts the total number of associated research products (publications, datasets, software). Association is established via explicit project–output links in the Graph (grant ID matching and acknowledgement text mining). Rankings are computed per funder, programme, and output type, revealing which funded initiatives drive the most measurable research production.

Filters EU project records (from CORDIS via the OpenAIRE Graph) to those funded under ERC instruments: ERC-StG (Starting Grant), ERC-CoG (Consolidator Grant), ERC-AdG (Advanced Grant), ERC-PoC (Proof of Concept), ERC-SyG (Synergy Grant). The host institution is identified as the principal investigator's affiliated organisation. Counts, funding volumes, and associated research outputs are aggregated by ERC grant type, institution, and year.

Sourced from HFRI project data integrated into the OpenAIRE Graph. Projects are matched to Greek beneficiary organisations and linked to resulting research outputs via grant ID matching. Funding volumes, call type classifications (e.g. H.F.R.I. Research Projects, Postdoctoral Researchers), and thematic areas are derived from HFRI-provided metadata. Institutional concentration is computed by aggregating project counts and funding amounts per organisation.

Projects are retrieved from the OpenAIRE Graph and classified as national or EU-funded based on funder identifiers (Crossref Funder Registry, integrated by providing project data into OpenAIRE).

Open Access Compliance for each publication linked to a funded project (Greek-affiliated) in the OpenAIRE Graph using the best available access rights. Compliance is assessed against funder mandates: Horizon Europe requires immediate OA for all publications; H2020 required OA (Gold or Green) for peer-reviewed articles. Non-compliant outputs are those remaining Closed or Restricted beyond any applicable embargo period. Rates are aggregated by funder, programme, OA route, institution, and year.

Outputs are linked to grants via funder identifiers and grant IDs extracted from Crossref/DataCite funding metadata and acknowledgement statements, as well as from funders integrated into OpenAIRE such as HFRI and GSRI (Greece).

Applies OpenAIRE's SDG classification system — a machine learning model trained to assign publications to one or more of the 17 UN SDGs — to Greek-affiliated publications in the OpenAIRE Graph. Classification operates at article level; a publication may be assigned to multiple SDGs. This is a beta attribute, subject to ongoing model refinement. Counts and shares are aggregated by SDG, institution, FoS field, and year. For more: openaire.eu/openaire-explore-introducing-sdgs-and-fos